2. 127 E. De Vargas St. Staff Documents

Extracted text

Historic Cultural Properties Inventory (HCPI) Base Form (FORM 1)
Historic Preservation Division, New Mexico Department of Cultural Affairs
May 2, 2022
For HPD Office use only:
HCPI No.__________ District No.________ ___NRHP ___SRCP Criteria __A __B __C __D
1. Name of property:
Caldwell Property
The Cider Press and Studio
2. Location:
127 and 127½ East De Vargas Street
Downtown and Eastside Historic
District
3. Local Reference Number:
Santa Fe ID #: H-1583-1
4. County: Santa Fe
Parcel # 99310857
5. Property Type:
_x_Buildings: 2
_x_Structures:Walls, multiple
__ Site __ Object
6. Date of Survey: May 27, 2022
7. Previous Survey Date(s):
_x_Yes: July 8,1993
__ No:
8. Name of Project:
HDRB status review
9. Lat/Long:
35.684265,-105.9394696
10. Photo Information: Robyn Powell, photographer. View of Cider Press (left) and Studio (right), facing northeast.
11. Brief Description of the Property:
A small 0.25-acre, roughly square-shaped property fronting the Santa Fe River and below the “Roque Tudesqui
House” is the subject of this form. The two buildings on the parcel are a c.1910 brick garage with additions
(later reworked into the Cider Press), and a c.1960s, mostly windowless storage building with a portal. The
property is no longer associated with the Tudesqui tract. It historically links with James “Jimmie” Caldwell, a
Texan and part-time Santa Fe resident who revamped the garage and erected the second building. The property
includes several stone walls, with the one fronting its north side the most significant
Continued on Page 5.
12. Who uses the property? Residence and storage
13. Construction Date:
Date: Cider Press, c.1910, with 1950s additions; Studio, 1960s
_ _Known _x_ Estimated Source: aerial photographs, newspaper accounts, city directories, property records
14. Setting:
__ Suburban __ Rural _x_ Village __ Urban If Urban: __ Commercial __ Industrial _x_ Residential __Public
15. Relationship to Surroundings: _x_ Similar __ Dissimilar
Comments: N/A

HCPI Base Form (FORM 1) (Continued from other side)
16. Additional Perspective: (Photos, drawing, footprint, etc., indicate north arrow when possible)
Source: Office of the Santa Fe County Assessor, 2022
17. Surveyor:
(your name, address,
telephone number, and any
group affiliation)
John W. Murphey
Architectural Historian
Architectural History Services
505-577-7593/707-583-7819
John@archhistoryservices.com
w/ Robyn Powell
For: Dale F. Zinn, Architect
18. Owner (if known) and
other knowledgeable people:
Owner: Betty R. Caldwell
Revocable Trust
19. Is Property Endangered? _x_ Unknown __ No __ Yes How?
20. Significance to Current Community: _x_ Unknown __ None __ Low __ Moderate __ High
Describe: Unknown
21. Other Significance or Information of Interest: (such as historical, legendary, structural, former ownership, etc.)
See Historical Overview.
22. National or State Register:
Is this property individually listed on a historic register? __ Unknown _x_ No __Yes
If yes: __ State __ National
If ‘no’ or unknown, do you think this property is eligible for listing? _x_ No __Yes
Why? See Evaluation of Historical Status.
23. National or State Historic District: City of Santa Fe
Is this property in a historic district? __ Unknown __ No _x_ Yes
If yes: __ Significant __ Contributing _x_ Non-contributing: Cider Press and Studio _x_ No Status: walls
Per City of Santa Fe official designation map: reviewed June 10, 2022.
If ‘yes’, what is the name of the district? __ State __ National _x_ City of Santa Fe:
Downtown and Eastside Historic District
24. Supplemental Forms:
__ None _x_ HCPI Detail Form (FORM 2) __ Continuation Sheets, # pages: _______________

Historic Cultural Properties Inventory (HCPI) Detail Form (FORM 2)
Historic Preservation Division, New Mexico Department of Cultural Affairs
For HPD Office use only: Please complete HCPI FORM 1 before completing FORM 2
HCPI No.__________ District No.________ ___NRHP ___SRCP Criteria __A __B __C __D
1. Name of property:
Caldwell Property
The Cider Press and Studio
2. Location:
127 and 127½ East De Vargas Street
Downtown and Eastside Historic District
3. Local Reference Number:
Santa Fe ID #: H-1583-1
4. County: Santa Fe
5. Date of Survey: May 27, 2022
ARCHITECTURAL AND CONSTRUCTION DETAILS:
6. Visible Construction Material:
_x_ Adobe _x Brick __ Composition __ Concrete: Block
__ Concrete: __Concrete: __ Earth __ Masonry:
Cast Stone Poured Plaster Simulated
__ Metal: __ Metal: __ Metal: __ Stone:
Corrugated Structural V-Crimp Random
Siding Ashlar
Stone:
_x_Random _xStone: __Stone: __ Stone: Tabular
Coursed River Rock Rusticated
_x_Stucco: __ Tile: __ Vinyl __ Wood: Board
Clay Siding and Batten
Wood:
__ Horizontal __ Wood: __ Wood: __ Wood: Shingle
Siding Jacal Log
__ Wood: Tongue and Groove __ Other:
7. Number of Stories: __ N/A
Number: _x_1 __11/2 __ 2
__ 21/2 Other:_________
8. Foundation: __ N/A
_x_ Not visible __ None
__ At Grade __ Raised
Materials: __ Concrete: _ Stone
Other:
Notes
9. Roof: __ N/A
Shape: _x_Flat __Gabled
__ Hipped __ Pyramidal
__ Shed Other:
Pitch: __ None __ Low
__ Medium __ Steep
Features: __ Eave:
_x_ Parapets
Materials: x Asphalt
__ Earth
__ Composition shingle __ Metal: Pressed
__ Composition Roll __ Metal: Corrugated
__ Metal: Standing Seam __ Metal: V- Crimp
__ Tile: Terra Cotta __ Wood: Shingle
Other:
10. Windows __ N/A
Operation Material Glazing Number
Casement:
paired
Wood 1 1
Casement:
paired
Wood 6 4
Combination:
casement &
fixed
Wood 6-1 1
Single-Hung Wood 2/1 1
Fixed Wood 1 1
Sliding Wood 1-1 1
11. Doors __ N/A
Type Style Material Number
Single-Leaf Plank Wood 1
Single-Leaf Plank w/Light Wood 1
Double Outswing Garage Wood 1
12. Chimneys
One: at wall, south elevation, Cider Press
13. Porches __ N/A
Type: __ Entry __Partial-Width _x_ Full-Width __ Wrap
14. Other Significant Features N/A
15. Modifications: x __ No known modifications
#1 Date:c.1950s; additions to garage and removal of frame add-on; Sanborn maps and aerial photographs
#2 Date: 1985; alterations to Cider Press; extent unknown; building permit
#3 Date: Post-1988; addition of multiple walls; property survey and aerial photographs

HCPI Detail Form (FORM 2) (Continued from other side)
16. Primary Architectural Style __ Not Applicable
__ Art Deco/Streamline Moderne __ Gothic Revival __ Mission Revival __ Pueblo _x_ Spanish-Pueblo Revival
__ Bungalow/Craftsman __ International __ Neo-Classical __ Queen Anne __ Territorial
__ Colonial Revival __ Italianate __ Northern NM __ Ranch __ Territorial Revival
__ Folk Victorian __ Mediterranean __ Prairie __ Spanish-Colonial __ Tudor Revival
Notes: Other: Vernacular
17. Documents Available and Their Locations
New Mexico Historic Preservation Division Historic Preservation Division
407 Galisteo Street, Suite 236 Land Use Department
Santa Fe, NM 87501 City of Santa Fe
(505) 827-6320 200 Lincoln Avenue
Santa Fe, NM 87504
(505) 955-6605
S I T E:
18. Attached or Associated Properties
Are associated properties eligible for listing: No
19.Site Plan: Portion of 2021 boundary survey. Red lines added by author. Courtesy Sierra Land Surveying, Inc.

Historic Cultural Properties Inventory (HCPI) Detail Form (FORM 2)
Historic Preservation Division, New Mexico Department of Cultural Affairs
For HPD Office use only: Please complete HCPI FORM 1 before completing FORM 2
HCPI No.__________ District No.________ ___NRHP ___SRCP Criteria __A __B __C __D
1. Name of property:
Caldwell Property
The Cider Press and Studio
2. Location:
127 and 127½ East De Vargas Street
Downtown and Eastside Historic District
3. Local Reference Number:
Santa Fe ID #: H-1583-1
4. County: Santa Fe
5. Date of Survey: May 27, 2022
Architectural Description Continued
Setting
The subject tract sits along the Santa Fe River, fronting a linear park constructed by the
Civilian Conservation Corps between 1933 and 1940 and revamped by the state in the
1950s (Photo 1 & 2). The park’s walkway, passing right in front of the property, inspired
Caldwell to convert an old garage into a commercial venture.
The 1964 addition to the New Mexico Supreme Court Building, designed by W. C. Kruger
& Associates, forms the west view. On the east is the parking lot of the State Land Office
Building (1960), designed by the same firm. South and up a slope is the “Roque Tudesqui
House.” The two study buildings sit on sandy, level land enclosed by low stone walls.
Cider Press1
Garage
At roughly 1,083 square feet, the riverside building was constructed in c.1910 as a one-
car garage. Its then owner, Samuel G. Cartwright, was one of the first in Santa Fe to own
an automobile. He promoted good roads as the president of the Santa Fe Chamber of
Commerce. Two adobe rooms were added to the building by Caldwell in the c.1950s to
create an apartment.
The garage, roughly a square, is constructed of brick laid in an English pattern of
alternating courses of headers and stretchers. Its north, south, and west walls are
topped with a high parapet, obscuring a wire-glass skylight. Capping the walls is a simple
coping made of a course of rowlock bricks, topped with another row of headers. This
construction is exposed along the west and south elevations (Photos 3 & 4).
Historically, a pair of swinging wood doors on the west side opened to admit an
automobile (Photo 4). Currently, they cover a bedroom window. The south elevation has
one opening holding an older 2/1 wood sash window (Photo 3). A segmental brick
header and sill frame the opening. The north (river-facing) elevation is faced with
stucco, with a few relict paintings from the building’s use as an antique shop (Photo 7).
1 Current owner refers to this structure as the “Casita.”

Historic Cultural Properties Inventory (HCPI) Detail Form (FORM 2)
Historic Preservation Division, New Mexico Department of Cultural Affairs
For HPD Office use only: Please complete HCPI FORM 1 before completing FORM 2
HCPI No.__________ District No.________ ___NRHP ___SRCP Criteria __A __B __C __D
1. Name of property:
Caldwell Property
The Cider Press and Studio
2. Location:
127 and 127½ East De Vargas Street
Downtown and Eastside Historic District
3. Local Reference Number:
Santa Fe ID #: H-1583-1
4. County: Santa Fe
5. Date of Survey: May 27, 2022
Addition
Attached to the garage’s east wall are two small adobe rooms, constructed in the 1950s
for Caldwell’s gardener. The telescoping appendage has the appearance of antiquity,
with its sculptural shape, rounded parapets, and rustic vigas (Photo 5). But from
Sanborn Fire Insurance maps, it didn’t exist before 1948 (Figure 3). The south elevation
opens to a flagstone patio and contains a small window and the entry, which holds a
wood plank door.
Its east side sits on a low stone wall (Photo 6). It includes one opening holding a
combination casement and fixed unit. The main façade, facing the park walkway, also
has a river stone base. This public façade has two projecting windows that — judging by
their design — were likely used for display when the building worked as antique shop
and art gallery (Photo 7). The larger unit is boxed, and holds four six-light casements.
The smaller window has a single pane. The larger window appears on a 1973 aerial
photograph (Figure 6).
The building currently contains an apartment consisting of a bedroom, living room,
kitchen/dining area, and bathroom.
Studio
Situated behind the Cider Press building, to the south, is a rectangular, flat-roof
structure called the Studio (Photo 8). Constructed after 1958, the rectangular-plan
building is arranged on a roughly east-west axis (Figures 4 & 5). At 682 square feet, it
encloses a single room once used to house a gun and doll collection.
The building faces west onto a parking court, with a minimal façade consisting of a
single, centered opening fitted with a diagonal board door. Sheltering this is a heavy-
looking portal. The structure rests on a continuous beam supported by end posts. Across
its parapet are ghost markings of removed vigas. Its floor is made of poured concrete.
The north elevation has one window (Photo 9); the remaining elevations are without
openings (Photo 10). The south elevation ties into a low stone wall. The Studio is
finished with smooth cementitious stucco in the buckskin tone.

Historic Cultural Properties Inventory (HCPI) Detail Form (FORM 2)
Historic Preservation Division, New Mexico Department of Cultural Affairs
For HPD Office use only: Please complete HCPI FORM 1 before completing FORM 2
HCPI No.__________ District No.________ ___NRHP ___SRCP Criteria __A __B __C __D
1. Name of property:
Caldwell Property
The Cider Press and Studio
2. Location:
127 and 127½ East De Vargas Street
Downtown and Eastside Historic District
3. Local Reference Number:
Santa Fe ID #: H-1583-1
4. County: Santa Fe
5. Date of Survey: May 27, 2022
Walls
Stone walls of various heights, mortar techniques, and vintages border the parcel on all
four sides. All of the walls are made of river stone or rubble, arranged in irregular
courses.
The roughly 40’ long wall forming the west side of the Cider Press postdates 1988
(Photo 11). The stuccoed block wall edging the north side of the Studio additionally
postdates 1988 (Photo 8). The east wall connecting the Studio to the Cider Press is older
but likely postdates 1958 (Photo 10) (Figure 4). The stone wall at the northwest corner
of the property is shown on a 1958 aerial, but appears to have been increased in height
(Photo 12).
Of the most interest are sections of stone walls running along the north edge of the
1950’s Cider Press addition.2 These disparate sections maintain a roughly 5’ height
(Photo 7). They include pieces of sandstone bearing fossils and other anomalies,
suggesting older construction.
Historical Overview
Introduction
As documented by local historian Corinne Sze in a report prepared in 1998 for the
Historic Santa Fe Foundation, the supposed “Roque Tudesqui House,” comprising 129-
135 East De Vargas Street, is a myth-made attribution, disguising a complicated history
of land transactions. The buildings under study have nothing to do with Tudesqui and
are not even part of his posthumously named home. Instead, they are the handiwork of
a Texan, James “Jimmie” Caldwell, who, in the 1950s, turned an old brick garage into a
residence for his gardener and later an antique shop (the Cider Press). Nearby, he
erected a building (the Studio) to jointly hold his gun collection and a collection of dolls
held by his love interest, Lois Kennedy.
2 The stone walls may have predated the addition.

Historic Cultural Properties Inventory (HCPI) Detail Form (FORM 2)
Historic Preservation Division, New Mexico Department of Cultural Affairs
For HPD Office use only: Please complete HCPI FORM 1 before completing FORM 2
HCPI No.__________ District No.________ ___NRHP ___SRCP Criteria __A __B __C __D
1. Name of property:
Caldwell Property
The Cider Press and Studio
2. Location:
127 and 127½ East De Vargas Street
Downtown and Eastside Historic District
3. Local Reference Number:
Santa Fe ID #: H-1583-1
4. County: Santa Fe
5. Date of Survey: May 27, 2022
Area Overview – Barrio Analco
The buildings, with a more of a river than street orientation, stand at the bottom of a
residential lot that was once almost a separate city, historically comprised of homes of
enslaved and allied Mexican Indians.
Typical of Mexican cities, Santa Fe, in its colonial period, had a separate neighborhood
— a barrio — for its servants. Identified on Urrutia’s 1766 map as Pueblo ó Barrío de
Analco, the string-like community south of the Santa Fe River was believed to have been
settled by Náhuatl-speaking Mexican Indian auxiliaries.
“Analco” itself is from the Náhuatl language, meaning “from the other side of the river.”
The specific ethnic makeup of Santa Fe’s Indian barrio is unknown but assumed to have
been indigenous allies originating near Mexico City.3
Puebla City, Mexico, had an earlier “barrio analco.” In that colonial city, a priest had
segregated Indians to a barrio with a separate parish church.4 Similar Indian barrios,
each with the name “analco,” were established in Guadalajara, Zacatecas, Durango, and
Oaxaca. In Santa Fe, the barrio was one of the city’s most unique features, and it
became the target of both preservation and destruction. For the most part, it has been
erased.
The best record of Santa Fe’s Barrio de Analco comes from Alonso de Benavides, a
Portuguese Franciscan missionary who visited the villa in the 1620s. Benavides
estimated Santa Fe’s population at 1,000, composed of 300 Spanish and Mestizo people,
with 700 Indians “in their service.”5
Benavides went on to describe a tribute system, in which Indians paid each house a
manta or blanket of cotton cloth and a fanega of corn every year, with which the “needy
Spaniards sustain themselves.”6 The missionary observed that the Spanish used “great
3 Enrique R. Lamadrid, “Tlaxcalans in New Mexico: Fading Traces, Contested Legacies,” New Mexico
Historical Review (Vol. 91, No. 2, Spring 2016), 150.
4 Norma Leticia Ramírez Rosete, Nilsen Pamela Arana Somuhano, and María Lourdes Guevara Romero,
“Participative Management Model for Humanize the Public Spaces: Analco Neighborhood, Historical
Center of Puebla, Mexico,” Bitacora Urbano Territorial (Vol. 29, No. 1, April 2019), 45.
5 Alonso de Benavides, Translated by Emma Augusta Ayers, The Memorial of Fray Alonso de Benavides,
1630 (1916; reis., Albuquerque: Horn and Wallace, 1965), 23.
6 Ibid., 22.

Historic Cultural Properties Inventory (HCPI) Detail Form (FORM 2)
Historic Preservation Division, New Mexico Department of Cultural Affairs
For HPD Office use only: Please complete HCPI FORM 1 before completing FORM 2
HCPI No.__________ District No.________ ___NRHP ___SRCP Criteria __A __B __C __D
1. Name of property:
Caldwell Property
The Cider Press and Studio
2. Location:
127 and 127½ East De Vargas Street
Downtown and Eastside Historic District
3. Local Reference Number:
Santa Fe ID #: H-1583-1
4. County: Santa Fe
5. Date of Survey: May 27, 2022
rigors” to keep the Indians in line. The barrio had its parish church — the present
reconstructed San Miguel Chapel — and a ministry for the sick and needy.
A Steady Turnover
Following American Conquest, the area attracted foreign traders and others who found
a built environment of homes and fertile fields, ready to improve. Roque Tudesqui, an
Italian-born jeweler, watchmaker, and pawnbroker, acquired the subject property
before the Americans arrived.7 He quickly sold it to Juan Nepomuceno López and his
wife, María Rita Sandoval, who had other properties in the barrio.8
They held on to it for about ten years and sold it in 1851, leading to a steady turnover of
owners, including investors in the Exchange Hotel (future La Fonda). The property
continued to change hands — acquired and sold by an assortment of Anglos and
Hispanics.
In 1895, one of the investors, William L. Jones, sold the land to Bertha L. Cartwright, wife
of Samuel Cartwright.
Cartwright, an Iowa native, was the half-owner of Cartwright and Brothers, a successful
wholesale grocery business. He made the first improvement to the subject property
with a brick, one-bay garage constructed between 1908 and 1913, and likely in 1910
when newspaper accounts reported he owned one of the first automobiles in Santa Fe
(Figures 1 & 2). At the time of his death in 1923, the house had grown to nine rooms,
including two bathrooms, and been updated with modern conveniences: a tin bathtub,
electric lights, and the brick garage.9
The 1920 federal census, recorded three years before his death, documented the
home’s occupants. The household included Samuel and his brother and business
partner, Hiram B. Cartwright, three of Samuel’s children, ranging in age from 21 to 27, a
daughter-in-law, a grandchild, and a 28-year-old “servant,” Julia Vigil.10
7 Corinne P. Sze, “History of the ‘Roque Tudesqui’ House, 131 and 135 East De Vargas Street, Santa Fe,
New Mexico,” Prepared for the Historic Santa Fe Foundation, 1998, 1.
8 Ibid., 7.
9 Ibid., 8.
10 United States Census, 1920, Census Place: Santa Fe, Santa Fe, New Mexico; Roll: T625_1080; Page: 18A;
Enumeration District: 127.

Historic Cultural Properties Inventory (HCPI) Detail Form (FORM 2)
Historic Preservation Division, New Mexico Department of Cultural Affairs
For HPD Office use only: Please complete HCPI FORM 1 before completing FORM 2
HCPI No.__________ District No.________ ___NRHP ___SRCP Criteria __A __B __C __D
1. Name of property:
Caldwell Property
The Cider Press and Studio
2. Location:
127 and 127½ East De Vargas Street
Downtown and Eastside Historic District
3. Local Reference Number:
Santa Fe ID #: H-1583-1
4. County: Santa Fe
5. Date of Survey: May 27, 2022
James and Elizabeth Caldwell
In 1939, Bertha Cartwright deeded the property to James Caldwell, a Texas native.
Caldwell would have the most impact on the subject parcel and two its buildings.
James Alonzo Caldwell, Jr., was born on July 21, 1894, in San Angelo, Texas, a railroad
transportation hub along the Concho River in the western part of the state.11 His father,
James Alonzo, Sr., and mother, Alice Shearin, were both of Kentucky background and
likely represented the mid-19th century settlement of Texas by Southerners. His father,
as a farmhand, moved the family around West Texas.
His son was ambitious and, in 1912, was selected as a second alternative to attend the
United States Naval Academy in Annapolis, Maryland.12 Ultimately not selected, he
started to race and sell motorcycles — remembered by the family as Harley-Davidsons
— in Amarillo. Based on newspaper advertisements, he probably hawked Indian
motorcycles for the Amarillo Motorcycle Company, owned by T. M. Caldwell, a probable
relation.13
By the 1920s, Caldwell had moved on to selling tractors and implements. One family
story holds that Caldwell sold a load of tractors to Pancho Villa.14 A Spanish-language
biography of Villa confirms the story, saying that as a representative of the Kibbe Tractor
and Implement Company, Amarillo, Caldwell had sold the former revolutionary ten
heavy-duty tractors.15 In April 1992, Caldwell journeyed t to Villa’s farm, Hacienda de la
Limpia Concepción de Canutillo, to train his laborers and sharecroppers.
With this adventure over, Caldwell returned to Amarillo, put his motorcycle up for
auction16, and in 1923 married Mary Elizabeth Laird, a Dallas native. The couple lived in
Dallas, where James worked as a salesman for the Dorsey Company, a printing company
11 Biographical information on Caldwell was drawn from various sources, including public records, census
enumerations, newspaper accounts, and contextual secondary sources.
12 “Annapolis Appointments,” Fort Worth Record and Register, August 16, 1912, 2.
13 The 1920 census recorded Caldwell living his uncle, L. Degenhardt, a German descendant who sold
motorcycles; United States Federal Census, Year, 1920, Census Place: Amarillo, Potter, Texas; Roll:
T625_1837; Page: 11B; Enumeration District: 203.
14 Sze, “History of the ‘Roque Tudesqui’ House,” 9.
15 Paco Ignacio Taibo, III, Pancho Villa: Una Biografí a Narrativa (Ciudad de México, Planeta, 2006), 777.
16 “Public Auction Sale,” Amarillo Daily, April 12, 1922, 2. Auctioned occurred May 5-6, 1922.

Historic Cultural Properties Inventory (HCPI) Detail Form (FORM 2)
Historic Preservation Division, New Mexico Department of Cultural Affairs
For HPD Office use only: Please complete HCPI FORM 1 before completing FORM 2
HCPI No.__________ District No.________ ___NRHP ___SRCP Criteria __A __B __C __D
1. Name of property:
Caldwell Property
The Cider Press and Studio
2. Location:
127 and 127½ East De Vargas Street
Downtown and Eastside Historic District
3. Local Reference Number:
Santa Fe ID #: H-1583-1
4. County: Santa Fe
5. Date of Survey: May 27, 2022
specializing in government work. Established in 1884 as the Dorsey Company Stationers,
it was one of the largest printing businesses in Texas.
While still living in Dallas, where he would maintain a home until his death, Caldwell
purchased the Santa Fe riverfront property. Based on a Sanborn map, at some point
before 1948 he added a small frame dwelling to the south of the garage (Figure 3).
Before moving to Santa Fe, Caldwell had split the old Cartwright home into three
apartments.
As captured in the 1950 census, James, then going by “Jimmie,” 55, lived in Apartment
#2, and in Apartment #3 lived his longtime mistress, Lois Kennedy, 32. Kennedy was a
stenographer, originally from Putman, Texas.17
In Santa Fe, Caldwell continued to work for the Dorsey Company, representing a sales
territory stretching from Texas to New Mexico. In 1956 in an attempt to gain local
clients, he hosted an evening soiree at La Fonda for the New Mexico Association of
County Officials, plying more than 200 guests with cocktails and live music.18
A Riverside Store
In the early 1950s, Caldwell converted the old Cartwright garage into a small
commercial venture. Before that, he had added two adobe, cell-like additions to its east
end as quarters for his gardener, Juanito.19
Through the work of the CCC in the 1930s, the downtown stretch of the Santa Fe River
had developed into a linear urban state park — potentially the first of its type in the
West. While no San Antonio River Walk, the paths on both sides of the river drew both
locals and tourists. It was only natural that the former garage, fronting directly on the
south walkway, would be seen as an asset. In 1946, Caldwell filed a quit claim to get
back the land that had been donated in 1934 to create the park walkway.20
17 United States of America, Bureau of the Census; Washington, D.C.; Seventeenth Census of the United
States, 1950; Record Group: Records of the Bureau of the Census, 1790-2007; Record Group Number: 29;
Residence Date: 1950; Home in 1950: Santa Fe, Santa Fe, New Mexico; Roll: 3578; Sheet Number: 2;
Enumeration District: 26-22.
18 “Caldwell Fetes County Officers,” Santa Fe New Mexican, May 29, 1956, 3.
19 Sze, “History of the ‘Roque Tudesqui’ House,” 9.
20 “Caldwell Claim Studied by AG,” Santa Fe New Mexican, May 4, 1946, 1.

Historic Cultural Properties Inventory (HCPI) Detail Form (FORM 2)
Historic Preservation Division, New Mexico Department of Cultural Affairs
For HPD Office use only: Please complete HCPI FORM 1 before completing FORM 2
HCPI No.__________ District No.________ ___NRHP ___SRCP Criteria __A __B __C __D
1. Name of property:
Caldwell Property
The Cider Press and Studio
2. Location:
127 and 127½ East De Vargas Street
Downtown and Eastside Historic District
3. Local Reference Number:
Santa Fe ID #: H-1583-1
4. County: Santa Fe
5. Date of Survey: May 27, 2022
From the newspaper advertisements, the Cider Press, as it would be called, opened in
the summer of 1952. Advertised as “On the River,” the small shop sold antiques: china,
lamps, old glass, and iron and copper wares.21 Informally going by Lois’ Antiques, it was
run by Lois Kennedy. Jointly, they operated the Cider Press for 18 years. The shop had a
vague seasonal schedule and at times met controversy for flying the Texas state flag.22
Based on aerial photographs and family memory, Caldwell added what is called today
the Studio, south of the antique shop, in the 1950s. The small building was designed as a
museum for his antique gun collections and Lois’ vintage dolls.
After retiring in 1967, Caldwell moved to Santa Fe, living there on a more regular basis.
He closed the Cider Press and put it up for sale. He only lived in the De Vargas Street
apartment for two years before his death in 1969.
The riverside store continued to operate, now as the Cider Press Antiques. Running the
business were Jack and Helen Bennett. Jack Bennett, a Kansas native, had once played
for the New York Yankees farm team.23 In the mid-1970s, the store expanded, taking on
a new role as an art gallery.
It went by the hyphenated name, Gene Pacheco-Cider Press Gallery, reflecting its dual
use as an art gallery for Santa Fe painter Gene Pacheco. Pacheco used the space as both
his studio and gallery.24
Remodeled in 1985, the Cider Press continued operating until the late 1980s, when Jack
Bennett retired. For years after, the building sat idle, with its mural of a cider press
worker slowly fading.
1964, Jimmie Caldwell deeded the property to his daughter Betty Caldwell. Born in
Dallas in 1931, Betty Ruth Caldwell graduated from Louisiana State University as a
French major and later attended the University of Grenoble (Université Grenoble Alpes)
under a Fulbright scholarship. She taught French in New Orleans at Loyola University
and St. Mary’s Dominican College. In New Orleans, she met Norma Kearby, a doctor. The
life partners were married in 2004.
21 Advertisement, Santa Fe New Mexican, July 27, 1952, 8.
22 “New Mexico is Not Under Texas Flag,” Santa Fe New Mexican, November 5, 1958, 10.
23 “Jack Bennett,” Santa Fe New Mexican, June 6, 1996, B-3.
24 “Gene Pacheco,” Santa Fe New Mexican, November 12, 1996, B-2.

Historic Cultural Properties Inventory (HCPI) Detail Form (FORM 2)
Historic Preservation Division, New Mexico Department of Cultural Affairs
For HPD Office use only: Please complete HCPI FORM 1 before completing FORM 2
HCPI No.__________ District No.________ ___NRHP ___SRCP Criteria __A __B __C __D
1. Name of property:
Caldwell Property
The Cider Press and Studio
2. Location:
127 and 127½ East De Vargas Street
Downtown and Eastside Historic District
3. Local Reference Number:
Santa Fe ID #: H-1583-1
4. County: Santa Fe
5. Date of Survey: May 27, 2022
Betty Caldwell managed the property until her death in 2014. During this period, the
lower half of the property (Tract B), containing the Cider Press and Studio, was
separated from the upper half (Tract A), comprising the old “Roque Tudesqui House.”
Tract B is currently under the ownership of the Betty R. Caldwell Revocable Trust.
Evaluation of Historical Status
At over 50 years of age, both the Cider Press and Studio meet the minimum threshold
for Contributing Structure status.
The Cider Press holds additional significance as an example of an early garage converted
to commercial use. With its whimsical façade, the business was a mainstay along the
Santa Fe River parkway for nearly 50 years. Its addition, on the south elevation,
communicates admirable elements of the Pueblo Revival style. The Studio is not much
of a building, consisting of a rigid stuccoed box with two openings — still, it associates
with Caldwell’s modification of the property. The collection of walls varies in age and
craftsmanship. The presumed oldest section, fronting the Cider Press addition, has the
most significance.
Following this reasoning, the Cider Press is recommended for an upgrade in status to
Contributing Structure. Its north, west, and south elevations are suggested as primary
facades in that they communicate either architectural interest or historical association.
The Studio is additionally recommended for Contributing Structure status, with its west
elevation – its only façade – suggested as primary.
The stone wall framing the north side of the Cider Press addition is also recommended
for Contributing Structure status.

Historic Cultural Properties Inventory (HCPI) Detail Form (FORM 2)
Historic Preservation Division, New Mexico Department of Cultural Affairs
For HPD Office use only: Please complete HCPI FORM 1 before completing FORM 2
HCPI No.__________ District No.________ ___NRHP ___SRCP Criteria __A __B __C __D
1. Name of property:
Caldwell Property
The Cider Press and Studio
2. Location:
127 and 127½ East De Vargas Street
Downtown and Eastside Historic District
3. Local Reference Number:
Santa Fe ID #: H-1583-1
4. County: Santa Fe
5. Date of Survey: May 27, 2022
Illustrations
Figure 1: 1908 Sanborn Fire Insurance Map.
No buildings indicated.

Historic Cultural Properties Inventory (HCPI) Detail Form (FORM 2)
Historic Preservation Division, New Mexico Department of Cultural Affairs
For HPD Office use only: Please complete HCPI FORM 1 before completing FORM 2
HCPI No.__________ District No.________ ___NRHP ___SRCP Criteria __A __B __C __D
1. Name of property:
Caldwell Property
The Cider Press and Studio
2. Location:
127 and 127½ East De Vargas Street
Downtown and Eastside Historic District
3. Local Reference Number:
Santa Fe ID #: H-1583-1
4. County: Santa Fe
5. Date of Survey: May 27, 2022
Figure 2: 1912 N. L. King, “Map of the City of Santa Fe.”
No buildings indicated.

Historic Cultural Properties Inventory (HCPI) Detail Form (FORM 2)
Historic Preservation Division, New Mexico Department of Cultural Affairs
For HPD Office use only: Please complete HCPI FORM 1 before completing FORM 2
HCPI No.__________ District No.________ ___NRHP ___SRCP Criteria __A __B __C __D
1. Name of property:
Caldwell Property
The Cider Press and Studio
2. Location:
127 and 127½ East De Vargas Street
Downtown and Eastside Historic District
3. Local Reference Number:
Santa Fe ID #: H-1583-1
4. County: Santa Fe
5. Date of Survey: May 27, 2022
Figure 3: 1930/1948 Sanborn Fire Insurance Map.
Garage with frame addition.

Historic Cultural Properties Inventory (HCPI) Detail Form (FORM 2)
Historic Preservation Division, New Mexico Department of Cultural Affairs
For HPD Office use only: Please complete HCPI FORM 1 before completing FORM 2
HCPI No.__________ District No.________ ___NRHP ___SRCP Criteria __A __B __C __D
1. Name of property:
Caldwell Property
The Cider Press and Studio
2. Location:
127 and 127½ East De Vargas Street
Downtown and Eastside Historic District
3. Local Reference Number:
Santa Fe ID #: H-1583-1
4. County: Santa Fe
5. Date of Survey: May 27, 2022
Figure 4: November 10, 1958, aerial photograph.
Cider Press with additions; Studio not present.

Historic Cultural Properties Inventory (HCPI) Detail Form (FORM 2)
Historic Preservation Division, New Mexico Department of Cultural Affairs
For HPD Office use only: Please complete HCPI FORM 1 before completing FORM 2
HCPI No.__________ District No.________ ___NRHP ___SRCP Criteria __A __B __C __D
1. Name of property:
Caldwell Property
The Cider Press and Studio
2. Location:
127 and 127½ East De Vargas Street
Downtown and Eastside Historic District
3. Local Reference Number:
Santa Fe ID #: H-1583-1
4. County: Santa Fe
5. Date of Survey: May 27, 2022
Figure 5: February 2, 1968 aerial photograph.
Cider Press and Studio circled.

Historic Cultural Properties Inventory (HCPI) Detail Form (FORM 2)
Historic Preservation Division, New Mexico Department of Cultural Affairs
For HPD Office use only: Please complete HCPI FORM 1 before completing FORM 2
HCPI No.__________ District No.________ ___NRHP ___SRCP Criteria __A __B __C __D
1. Name of property:
Caldwell Property
The Cider Press and Studio
2. Location:
127 and 127½ East De Vargas Street
Downtown and Eastside Historic District
3. Local Reference Number:
Santa Fe ID #: H-1583-1
4. County: Santa Fe
5. Date of Survey: May 27, 2022
Figure 6: May 11, 1973, aerial photograph.
Close view of Cider Press and Studio.

Historic Cultural Properties Inventory (HCPI) Detail Form (FORM 2)
Historic Preservation Division, New Mexico Department of Cultural Affairs
For HPD Office use only: Please complete HCPI FORM 1 before completing FORM 2
HCPI No.__________ District No.________ ___NRHP ___SRCP Criteria __A __B __C __D
1. Name of property:
Caldwell Property
The Cider Press and Studio
2. Location:
127 and 127½ East De Vargas Street
Downtown and Eastside Historic District
3. Local Reference Number:
Santa Fe ID #: H-1583-1
4. County: Santa Fe
5. Date of Survey: May 27, 2022
Survey Photographs
(All images taken by Robyn Powell on, May 27, 2022, unless otherwise noted)
Photo 1: View of property from Alameda.
Camera facing southeast.
Photo 2: View of property from state park.
Camera facing southeast.

Historic Cultural Properties Inventory (HCPI) Detail Form (FORM 2)
Historic Preservation Division, New Mexico Department of Cultural Affairs
For HPD Office use only: Please complete HCPI FORM 1 before completing FORM 2
HCPI No.__________ District No.________ ___NRHP ___SRCP Criteria __A __B __C __D
1. Name of property:
Caldwell Property
The Cider Press and Studio
2. Location:
127 and 127½ East De Vargas Street
Downtown and Eastside Historic District
3. Local Reference Number:
Santa Fe ID #: H-1583-1
4. County: Santa Fe
5. Date of Survey: May 27, 2022
Photo 3: View of Cider Press, south elevation, original garage portion.
Camera facing north.
Photo 4: View of Cider Press, west and south elevations, original garage portion.
Camera facing northeast.

Historic Cultural Properties Inventory (HCPI) Detail Form (FORM 2)
Historic Preservation Division, New Mexico Department of Cultural Affairs
For HPD Office use only: Please complete HCPI FORM 1 before completing FORM 2
HCPI No.__________ District No.________ ___NRHP ___SRCP Criteria __A __B __C __D
1. Name of property:
Caldwell Property
The Cider Press and Studio
2. Location:
127 and 127½ East De Vargas Street
Downtown and Eastside Historic District
3. Local Reference Number:
Santa Fe ID #: H-1583-1
4. County: Santa Fe
5. Date of Survey: May 27, 2022
Photo 5: Cider Press, south elevation, c.1950s addition.
Camera facing north.
Photo 6: Cider Press, east elevation, c.1950s addition.
Camera facing west.

Historic Cultural Properties Inventory (HCPI) Detail Form (FORM 2)
Historic Preservation Division, New Mexico Department of Cultural Affairs
For HPD Office use only: Please complete HCPI FORM 1 before completing FORM 2
HCPI No.__________ District No.________ ___NRHP ___SRCP Criteria __A __B __C __D
1. Name of property:
Caldwell Property
The Cider Press and Studio
2. Location:
127 and 127½ East De Vargas Street
Downtown and Eastside Historic District
3. Local Reference Number:
Santa Fe ID #: H-1583-1
4. County: Santa Fe
5. Date of Survey: May 27, 2022
Photo 7: Cider Press, north elevation, full façade.
Camera facing southwest.
Photo 8: Studio, west (front) elevation.
Camera facing east.

Historic Cultural Properties Inventory (HCPI) Detail Form (FORM 2)
Historic Preservation Division, New Mexico Department of Cultural Affairs
For HPD Office use only: Please complete HCPI FORM 1 before completing FORM 2
HCPI No.__________ District No.________ ___NRHP ___SRCP Criteria __A __B __C __D
1. Name of property:
Caldwell Property
The Cider Press and Studio
2. Location:
127 and 127½ East De Vargas Street
Downtown and Eastside Historic District
3. Local Reference Number:
Santa Fe ID #: H-1583-1
4. County: Santa Fe
5. Date of Survey: May 27, 2022
Photo 9: Studio, north elevation
Camera facing southeast.
Photo 10: Studio, south and east elevations.
Camera facing southwest.

Historic Cultural Properties Inventory (HCPI) Detail Form (FORM 2)
Historic Preservation Division, New Mexico Department of Cultural Affairs
For HPD Office use only: Please complete HCPI FORM 1 before completing FORM 2
HCPI No.__________ District No.________ ___NRHP ___SRCP Criteria __A __B __C __D
1. Name of property:
Caldwell Property
The Cider Press and Studio
2. Location:
127 and 127½ East De Vargas Street
Downtown and Eastside Historic District
3. Local Reference Number:
Santa Fe ID #: H-1583-1
4. County: Santa Fe
5. Date of Survey: May 27, 2022
Photo 11: Post-1988 stone wall in front of Cider Press.
Camera facing east.
Photo 12: Potentially older stone wall at northwest corner.
Camera facing south.





January 2012 image of the Sign and Murals

Image of
a Cider
Press
and a
Person
using a
Cider
Press.

Image showing similar attire
of the man in the mural

Sample Plaques